Tail-end of Cold Front

    The Diffused Tail End of a cold front brought mostly cloudy skies with scattered rainshowers and thunderstorms. This is the front boundary of 2 air masses found in the mid-latitudes.Its associated weather is rainfall and cloudiness over affected areas.It is in the northern portion of the northern hemisphere winter season.     In order to better inform/warn communities you are reminded to disseminate these thourg local or community leaders and though your local media, including community radio stations.This local effort will complement and reinforce efforts at the national level.    Let us untiringly aim to zero casualties.For the sake of our beloved treasured life that God had gave us.

    

  The ITCZ brings Convectional precipitation near the equation, from about northeast trade winds and the southeast  trade winds converge zone or ITCZ. Solar heating in the region forces air to rise thourgh convection which results in a plethora of precipitation.

  In some cases, the ITCZ may become narrow, especially when it moves away from the equator; the ITCZ can then be interpreted as a front along the leading edge of the equatorial end.

     The ITCZ moves farther away from the equator during the northern than the southern one due to the north-heavy arrangement of the continents.

      There's a diurnal cycle to the precipitation in ITCZ. Clouds form in the late morning and early afternoon hours and then by 3 to 4pm.,the hottes time of the day, convectional thunderstorm form and precipitation begins. These storms are generally short in duration.

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 "MAKABUHAI AND CHILI EXTRACT: A HOUSEHOLD INSECTICIDE"
Title

CHAPTER I

• INTRODUCTION:

An ant lives everywhere on land, being the most numerous in insect species.They live on underground and create those earthier mounds. Some lives on trees and some on hollow parts of certain plants. They can be considered as a menace in our kitchen and dining hall.

Cockroaches have been a problem to many of us. They may contaminate our food with the filth they carry, and causes sickness. And it's so hard avoiding these things because they come and go whenever, wherever.

These insects are pests once they are allowed to multiply. To control these pests, chemical insecticides are usually used in many of us but there are many harmful effects in using those chemicals. Among those are dangers they threaten on our surroundings. It causes and adds to pollution.

Some plants produce a distinctive chemical or odor that can drive away insects. Realizing the good potential of these plants in controlling insects, botanical or organic materials are used now, being considered instead of wide spread use of chemical ones. Since some of this plants are commonly growing in our backyards, they are inexpensive and environment friendly.

This study uses the extract of chili and makabuhai plant to control pests in our house. The makabuhai extracts contains bitter substance and chili produce spicy like taste and smell. It is possible that this taste and smell is offensive to insects.

• STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

1.) Is it effective?
2.) Is it environmental friendly?
3.) Is it cheaper than the commercial ones?

• HYPOTHESIS

1.) YES, it is effective
2.) YES, it is environmental friendly since this plants are commonly growing in our backyards.
3.) YES, because we can find these plants in our backyards.

• SIGNIFICANCE

This study investigates the potential of the makabuhai and chili extracts combine together as a household insecticide against ants and cockroaches. The mixture was made into a solution with little water and sprayed onto ants and cockroaches at varying concentrations.


CHAPTER III

• METHODOLOGY

MATERIALS: Chili( 300g )
Makabuhai Stems ( 300g )
Mortar and Pestle
Beaker
Graduated Cylinder
Piece of Cloth
Spray Bottle
Stirring Rod
Water
PREPARING FOR THE CHILI EXTRACT:
1.) Collect enough hot chili at least 300g.
2.) Pound them with mortar and pestle.
3.) After the juice is extracted, add 25ml of water.
4.) Strain the chili extracts and out it in a beaker, set aside.
PREPARING FOR THE MAKABUHAI EXTRACT:
1.) Weigh 300g of makabuhai stems.
2.) Chopped it into small pieces and then pound it with a mortar and pestle.
3.) Soak the pounded stem in 25ml water for 25 minutes.
4.) Take the stems out of the container and extract the juice.
5.) Mix the chili and makabuhai extract and add 25ml of water.

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Insecticidal Property of Acacia Seeds and Bark Against Termites

Insecticidal Property of Acacia (Samanea saman) Seeds and Bark Against Termites (Coptotermes vastator). A study on the insecticidal property of Acacia seeds and bark against termites was conducted to find out if these could be used against termites. The experiment was conducted at the laboratory of the Bureau of Soils in Lipa City and in Lumbang National High School from September to October 2005. The effort was initiated to enrich the laboratory activities in Chemistry and Biology for high school students.
It especially attempted to answer the following questions:

1. How can insecticides be prepared from Acacia seeds and bark?
2. How effective is the Acacia insecticide in combating or killing termites (Coptotermes vastator);
3. Are there significant differences in the effectiveness of the ethanolic Acacia extract and commercial insecticide (Solignum) in combating termites?
4. What are the implications of the use of Acacia seeds as insecticide on the environment and human health?

Ethanolic extracts were prepared from the seeds and bark of Acacia collected from areas surrounding Laurel farm in Lumbang, Lipa City. These extracts were used as samples in the qualitative analysis and preliminary screening for insecticidal property against termites. The screening of the ethanolic extracts from Acacia seeds and bark revealed the presence of saponin, tannins, alkaloids, reducing agents – glycosides, carbohydrates, which have the capacity to kill termites. The one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used in comparing the means of the effect of the ethanolic extracts against termites. Results were positive, showing the experimental sample to be comparable to Solignum.

chem!!!